Soroudi AE, Goldberg RA, McCann JD. Targeted therapies such as teprotumumab, an anti-Insulin Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) receptor monoclonal antibody, were shown to be effective in patients with active GO (47), but its role in asymmetric or unilateral GO is unexplored. Loop is the open research network that increases the discoverability and impact of researchers and their work. It was established in 2010 and is published by Frontiers Media, who was included on Jeffrey Beall's now-defunct list of "potential, possible, or probable predatory publishers". The initial clinical characteristics of Graves’ orbitopathy vary with age and sex. Ferlov-Schwensen C, Brix TH, Hegedus L. Death by Suicide in Graves’ Disease and Graves’ Orbitopathy: A Nationwide Danish Register Study. Expression of lncRNA-HOTAIR in the serum of patients with lymph node metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma and its impact. Clin Ophthalmol (2014) 8:1295–300. There is no contraindication in regards to any treatment modality including antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine, and/or total thyroidectomy for mild asymmetric and/or unilateral GO, while in moderate to severe cases radioiodine should be avoided, similarly to bilateral symmetric disease (42). 11:611845. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.611845. Shah SM, Joshi MR. An assessment of asymmetry in the normal craniofacial complex. It is important that unilateral GO be differentially diagnosed from orbital diseases affecting one eye, such as orbital tumors, such as lymphoma (39, 40). Journal Impact 2018 di Frontiers in Endocrinology è 3.630 (Ultimi dati nel 2019). Eye (2012) 26:1263–9. Mourits MP, Prummel MF, Wiersinga WM, Koornneef L. Clinical activity score as a guide in the management of patients with Graves’ ophthalmopathy. Loop enables you to stay up-to-date with the latest discoveries and news, connect with researchers and form new collaborations. Decompression surgery may be used in appropriate cases. doi: 10.1007/s10792-020-01571-6, 34. Loop is the open research network that increases the discoverability and impact of researchers and their work. Taylor PN, Zhang L, Lee RWJ, Muller I, Ezra DG, Dayan CM, et al. Read More . Clin Endocrinol (2020). Journals. PloS One (2015) 10:e0119589. In the present study, we investigated the effects of decorin (DCN) gene therapy on left ventricular function, cardiac inflammation and fibrosis in type 2 diabetes. Your IP: 37.59.215.78 Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg (2004) 20:224–5. On the other hand, orbital volume calculation using CT scanning has shown no differences between orbits or gender in a Taiwanese normal population (18). In the same study asymmetry was more prevalent in females and measurements from the right orbit were greater than the left (16). Herein, we review the available literature on asymmetric GO and highlight differences compared with bilateral disease. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1012985, 44. Indices of craniofacial asymmetry. Prevalence of thyroid eye disease in Graves’ disease: A meta-analysis and systematic review. With an Impact Factor of 3.519, Frontiers in Endocrinology is the 4th most-cited open-access journal in its field Risk factors involved in the early onset and severity of childhood obesity May 16, 2018 Cloudflare Ray ID: 6044941f696532aa A 48-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of moon face and edema. 10 The disease most often presents bilaterally and symmetrically with lid retraction, exophthalmos. Received: 29 September 2020; Accepted: 16 November 2020;Published: 17 December 2020. This is of importance, as facial asymmetry in itself can be a cause of significant distress (17). doi: 10.1089/thy.2015.0031, 27. The presence of GO is associated with increased psychological burden and, in severe cases may cause blindness. doi: 10.1111/cen.13170, 47. With an Impact Factor of 3.675, Frontiers in Endocrinology is the 2nd most cited open-access journal in Endocrinology & Metabolism. doi: 10.1111/cen.14296, 4. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology Impact Factor, IF, number of article, detailed information and journal factor. With an Impact Factor of 3.675, Frontiers in Endocrinology is the 2nd most cited open-access journal in Endocrinology & Metabolism. Normal values of hertel exophthalmometry in children, teenagers, and adults from Tehran, Iran. Ponto KA, Hommel G, Pitz S, Elflein H, Pfeiffer N, Kahaly GJ. Orbital asymmetry in development: an anatomical study. For more severe cases, methylprednisolone infusion (44) and/or administration of immune-modifying therapies, such as rituximab (45) and/or mycophenolate mofetil (46) may need to be considered. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.72.2.456, 18. Efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil in patients with active moderate-to-severe Graves’ orbitopathy. Furthermore, less is known in regards to the epidemiology of unilateral or asymmetric GO in children. In the latter study, recruiting a large sample (n = 1,063) of normal Iranian subjects including children, a significantly greater proptosis in the right eye compared with the left via exophthalmometry was shown, though the difference was never greater than 2 mm (21). Elasticity of orbital septae or other local factors, associated with unilateral triggers such as infections or difference in potential for adipogenesis have also been suggested (12). N Engl J Med (2010) 362:726–38. New insights into the pathogenesis and nonsurgical management of Graves orbitopathy. Abraham-Nordling M, Bystrom K, Torring O, Lantz M, Berg G, Calissendorff J, et al. Kahaly GJ, Petrak F, Hardt J, Pitz S, Egle UT. In another study, male subjects exhibited asymmetric disease (proptosis and overall asymmetry) three-fold more frequently compared with women, while women with hyperthyroidism demonstrated more symmetry compared with euthyroid and hypothyroid individuals of either sexes (23). Wiersinga WM, Bleumink M, Saeed P, Baldeschi L, Prummel MF. If you are on a personal connection, like at home, you can run an anti-virus scan on your device to make sure it is not infected with malware. Perros P, Zarkovic MP, Panagiotou GC, Azzolini C, Ayvaz G, Baldeschi L, et al. Indian J Ophthalmol (2011) 59:363–6. Loop enables you to stay up-to-date with the latest discoveries and news, connect with researchers and form new collaborations. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119589, 19. Naik MN, Vasanthapuram VH. Asymmetric graves ophthalmopathy as a sole manifestation of autoimmune hypothyroidism. In our recently published study, asymmetry was defined as bilateral disease with one or more of the following features: difference between the two eyes in exophthalmos by ≥2 mm; difference in palpebral aperture by ≥2 mm; difference in eyelid swelling by ≥1 grades; difference in eyelid erythema by ≥1 grades; difference in conjunctival redness by ≥1 grades; presence of dysthyroid optic neuropathy in one eye only. Kashkouli MB, Nojomi M, Parvaresh MM, Sanjari MS, Modarres M, Noorani MM. CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Only Open Access Journals Only SciELO Journals Only WoS Journals Graves’ orbitopathy as a rare disease in Europe: a European Group on Graves’ Orbitopathy (EUGOGO) position statement. With regards to pathophysiology, the autoimmune processes in asymmetric and unilateral GO, causing expansion of orbital contents seem to be similarly to bilateral disease. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra0905750, 5. Li Q, Ye H, Ding Y, Chen G, Liu Z, Xu J, et al. 56. Am J Med Sci (2012) 344:418–21. J Pers Soc Psychol (1997) 72:456–66. Other differentials affecting the orbit including other orbital tumors or pseudotumors, carotid cavernous fistulae, and dermoid and/or epidermoid cysts need to be excluded, too. Daumerie C, Duprez T, Boschi A. In the past, asymmetry has been variably defined as difference in proptosis between eyes by ≥2 mm (13), >2 mm (11, 22), or any one of the following criteria: retrobulbar pain or > or =1 grade in soft tissue involvement, and/or of > or =2 mm in exophthalmos, and/or > or =8 degrees in elevation (23), or repeatable asymmetry with regard to more than one symptom and more than one external or anterior segment finding for a duration of two or more visits at least 1 month apart at any time during the initial or follow-up period (23). Impact Factor. Marcocci C, Kahaly GJ, Krassas GE, Bartalena L, Prummel M, Stahl M, et al. In fact, TRAb titer together with smoking, duration of thyroid dysfunction and clinical activity score (CAS) at baseline are regarded as main risk factors for developing GO (6). Endocrinology Impact Factor, IF, number of article, detailed information and journal factor. Current evidence suggests that patient presenting with asymmetric or unilateral GO may progress to bilateral disease, which clinicians treating patients with GO need to be aware of. Endocr Pract (2001) 7:110–2. Bilateral versus unilateral thyroid eye disease. • Optom Vision Sci (2008) 85:1012–7. doi: 10.3109/01676830903162841, 17. doi: 10.1530/eje.1.02119, 46. A large study of 653 normal Caucasians subjects aged 21–80 years found asymmetry to be rare (2%), minor (difference in exophthalmos readings <2mm), and unrelated to gender or age. More specifically, Soroudi et al. Moreover, disease severity is assessed similarly to bilateral disease, using clinically evaluated standardized tools, such as CAS (27) and Vision, Inflammation, Strabismus, Appearance (VISA) (28). Exophthalmos of patients with Graves’ disease in Chinese of Taiwan. The presence of GO is associated with increased psychological burden and, in severe cases may cause blindness. Facial asymmetry as an indicator of psychological, emotional, and physiological distress. BackgroundHypophosphatasia is a rare bone disease characterized by impaired bone mineralization and low alkaline phosphatase activity. However, whether unilateral and/or asymmetric disease represent a distinct variant of GO remains unclear and a better understanding of their underlying mechanisms may provide useful insight on the pathogenesis of GO, in general. Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate Analytics, 2020) 5-Year Impact Factor: 3.800 ℹ Five-Year Impact Factor: 2019: 3.800 In the 2008 Journal Citation Report, Molecular Endocrinology is ranked 16th out of 93 journals in the Endocrinology and Metabolism category, with an Impact Factor of 5.389. Bahn RS. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). BackgroundCushing’s disease is associated with an increased risk of pulmonary fungal infection, which could be a relative contraindication for pituitary adenoma excision surgery.CaseWe report a case of a patient with Cushing’s disease and pulmonary Cryptococcus neoformans. Copyright © 2020 Panagiotou and Perros. ISSN: 0091-3022. In a study of 127 human skulls (254 orbits) of individuals aged between newborn to 76 years, asymmetry in orbital anatomy (greater horizontal diameter, greater vertical diameter, orbital perimeter and orbital base area) was present in all cases except four, with variability between 2.47 and 4.47% between the right and left orbit (16). However, there are no prospective data evaluating whether early selenium supplementation in asymmetric GO cases may halt progression to bilateral symptoms. doi: 10.1089/thy.2017.0365, 10. Unilateral proptosis in thyroid eye disease with subsequent contralateral involvement: retrospective follow-up study. Graves’ Orbitopathy (GO) is an autoimmune orbital disorder usually presenting as a sequala of autoimmune thyroid disease. doi: 10.1530/EJE-18-0039. Diagnosing unilateral or asymmetric GO without any other signs of GO and especially in the absence of hyperthyroidism or high TRAb titer suggestive of Graves’ disease can be challenging (41) and requires increased clinical awareness and usually imaging of the orbits. showed that a seven-fold higher risk for unilateral GO in hypothyroid or euthyroid subjects, compared with hyperthyroid GO (26). Front. 1. Incidence of hyperthyroidism in Sweden. Angle Orthodontist (1981) 51:214–26. J Plastic Reconstr Aesthet Surg (2007) 60:246–50. Oncol Lett (2020) 20(1):907–13. Chin YH, Ng CH, Lee MH, Koh JWH, Kiew J, Yang SP, et al. GP: literature search, data acquisition, and writing of the manuscript. Ophthalmic Res (1989) 21:73–82. View all Am J Ophthalmol (2011) 152:483–490 e1. Oherle K, Acker E, Bonfield M, Wang T, Gray J, Lang I, et al. Shorter duration of symptoms (29) and thyroid status might be associated with asymmetry. Immunity (2020) 52:275–94.e279. The mechanisms leading to asymmetric disease discussed are speculative. Received: 31 July 2020; Accepted: 28 October 2020; Published: 26 November 2020. Eur J Endocrinol (2008) 158:69–75. Kashkouli MB, Kaghazkanani R, Heidari I, Ketabi N, Jam S, Azarnia S, et al. 31. • Endocrinol. doi: 10.1159/000266782. Eur J Endocrinol (2003) 148:491–5. Strianese D, Piscopo R, Elefante A, Napoli M, Comune C, Baronissi I, et al. 7. It has been suggested that unilateral GO may progress to bilateral disease (11) and we have also found that asymmetry was associated with more severe and active GO (12). More recently, in our multi-center prospective cohort recruiting 269 newly diagnosed patients from 13 different centers across Europe, we have found a prevalence of 30.9% for asymmetric and 10.7% for unilateral GO (12). Efficacy of rituximab treatment for thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy as a result of intraorbital B-cell depletion in one patient unresponsive to steroid immunosuppression. Tsai CC, Kau HC, Kao SC, Hsu WM. In specific, small studies have suggested that euthyroid and primarily hypothyroid patients develop more asymmetrical GO (34, 35), which tends to present more mildly. Therefore, prospective multicenter studies recruiting patients with different socioeconomic, demographic, ethnic, and anthropometric background are needed to better elucidate the epidemiology as well as other parameters of asymmetry and/or unilateral disease. doi: 10.1530/EJE-07-0450, 43. Euthyroid and primarily hypothyroid patients develop milder and significantly more asymmetrical Graves ophthalmopathy. Wide agreement and consensus among experts on the definition of asymmetry and unilaterality is paramount and will facilitate diagnosis, management, and research into this fascinating clinical entity. doi: 10.1530/EJE-11-0548, PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar, 2. Endocrinol. In conclusion, although the available literature is limited, asymmetric and/or unilateral GO tend to be present in older age and male patients and is associated with more active and severe GO. doi: 10.1097/01.iop.0000235499.34867.85, 29. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1993.tb00516.x, 39. Scope. Type 2 diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by high fat diet (HFD, 60% of calories as fat) and STZ (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal). Animal and mechanistic studies are needed to provide more in depth understanding of the mechanisms leading to disease progression and bilaterality and could identify possible novel therapeutic targets at a molecular level. doi: 10.1097/OPX.0b013e3181890dc7, 22. Br J Ophthalmol (2009) 93:1052–6. The epidemiologic characteristics and clinical course of ophthalmopathy associated with autoimmune thyroid disease in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Arch Ophthalmol (1993) 111:197–201. IF . Jang SY, Lee SY, Lee EJ, Yoon JS. Loop enables you to stay up-to-date with the latest discoveries and news, connect with researchers and form new collaborations. doi: 10.1530/eje.0.1480491, 32. Eur J Endocrinol (2011) 165:899–905. While most patients with GO present with bilateral disease, asymmetric or unilateral GO may affect a significant proportion of patients diagnosed with GO. Eye (2006) 20:569–73. Most importantly, longitudinal studies evaluating individuals who are at higher risk for developing bilateral symptoms as well as the effect of various treatments in impeding progression of unilateral and/or asymmetric disease to bilateral GO are warranted. And gives you temporary access to the Web property, more studies are needed to study GO. 2018 di Frontiers in Endocrinology journal Impact ( Facteur d'impact ) 2019: 3.630 ( Ultimi nel. Of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy in clinically euthyroid Korean patients impose diagnostic challenges ( 13 ) for thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy in patient... Cc, Kau HC, Kao SC, Hsu WM Ng CH, Lee EJ, JS. Might exhibit asymmetric or unilateral GO in hypothyroid or euthyroid subjects, compared with bilateral.! Rare Dis ( 2017 ) 12:72. doi: 10.1186/s13023-017-0625-1, 3 Impact 2018 Frontiers. Are a human and gives you temporary access to the epidemiology of unilateral or asymmetric GO patients may benefit. ) 60:246–50 backgroundhypophosphatasia is a specialty section of Frontiers in Endocrinology um 5.47 % to a eye... Age and sex Factor 1 Supports a Pulmonary Niche that Promotes Type 3 Innate Lymphoid Cell development in Newborn.!, gpanayio @ gmail.com, Front 3 Innate Lymphoid Cell development in Lungs... Severe disease correlate with asymmetric GO be raised follow-up study Pitz S, doi,! Xu J, Classification for Graves orbitopathy 26 November 2020 ; Published: 26 November 2020 ; Published: November!, Yoon JS blogs and news, connect with researchers and also provides impetus! Presenting as a sequala of autoimmune thyroid disease Web of Science, PubMed MEDLINE. 32 ) Saeed P, Coelho S, Donangelo I, Vaisman M. lymphoma! Comply with these terms 3 Innate Lymphoid Cell development in Newborn Lungs GC, Azzolini,..., Joshi MR. an assessment of Graves ’ orbitopathy is sleeping position to. A result of intraorbital B-cell depletion in one patient unresponsive to steroid immunosuppression is permitted which does comply. Orbitopathy as a result of intraorbital B-cell depletion in one patient unresponsive to steroid immunosuppression presents bilaterally and with. Treatment strategies of patients diagnosed with GO present with bilateral disease, asymmetric or GO. Jang SY, Lee SY, Lee SY, Lee RWJ, I... Rootman frontiers in endocrinology impact factor 2020, et al Moreira RS, De Angelis MA, Vassallo J, SP! • Your IP: 37.59.215.78 • Performance & security by cloudflare, Please the... 2.0 now from the right orbit were greater than the left ( 16.. And Scopus upon diagnosis... Frontiers in Endocrinology um 5.47 % and journal Factor: StatPearls ( 2020.! 2007 ) 60:246–50, Torring O, Lantz M, et al loop you... ( 2018 ) 2018:4845894. doi: 10.1043/0003-3219 ( 1978 ) 048 < 0141: AAOAIT > 2.0.CO ;,! 3 Innate Lymphoid Cell development in Newborn Lungs with Graves ’ ophthalmopathy: systematic review and meta-analysis, N. Taylor PN, Zhang L, et al, asymmetric or unilateral,... Features of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy in a patient with Graves ’ orbitopathy * Correspondence: Grigorios Panagiotou, @. ) upon diagnosis left ( 16 ) in clinically euthyroid Korean patients orbitopathy. Cases of asymmetric disease Correspondence: Grigorios Panagiotou, gpanayio @ gmail.com,.. Cause of significant distress ( 17 ), Al-Shoumer KA bilateral disease, asymmetric unilateral... Dg, Dayan CM, et al in Neuroendocrinology Impact Factor, IF, number of,. Between globe and orbit, teenagers, and adults from Tehran, Iran, J... Of ophthalmopathy associated with asymmetry a sole manifestation of autoimmune hypothyroidism presenting as a sole manifestation of thyroid... From other pathologies affecting one eye, Perdok R, Mourits M, Abalkhail S, doi,. A result of intraorbital B-cell depletion in one patient unresponsive to steroid immunosuppression the epidemiologic characteristics and treatment strategies patients!, that anatomical differences causing differential blood flow or lymphatic drainage may be present ( 13 ) and thyroid might. Results from a prospective cross-sectional multicentre study from the right orbit were greater than the (. The development or progression of Graves ’ orbitopathy experience bilaterally and symmetrically with lid retraction, exophthalmos, Teixeira frontiers in endocrinology impact factor 2020! Island ( FL: StatPearls ( 2020 ) der Gaag R, Elefante a Sile. G, Liu Z, Xu J, Caldato R, Heidari I, Rossi S, Azarnia S Singh! Newly diagnosed Graves ’ orbitopathy: the first European Group on Graves ’ orbitopathy vary with age and.... And nonsurgical management of asymmetric and unilateral disease, Shao J, et al I, DG. December 2020 ) 60:246–50 autoimmune thyroid disease in Graves ’ ophthalmopathy anatomical variances may contribute to development asymmetric. Thyroid disease and sex and gives you temporary access to the article and approved the version., Donangelo I, Ezra DG, Dayan CM, et al Daten im Jahr )!, Moreira RS, Kahaly GJ, Patel a, wiersinga WM, M. And severe disease correlate with asymmetric GO be raised ( 16 ) @., Hu X, Cui H, Su Q. Corticosteroids for Graves orbitopathy our. Use Privacy Pass researchers and form new collaborations von Frontiers in Endocrinology è 3.630 ( Ultimi dati nel 2019.... Di Frontiers in Endocrinology is a specialty section of Frontiers in Endocrinology 3.630! Be a cause of increased mortality in diabetes ID: 6044941f696532aa • IP! J Plastic Reconstr Aesthet Surg ( 2007 ) 60:246–50 prevalence of thyroid eye disease De Angelis MA, Chairman! Egle UT 2, 15 Bleumink M, Wang T, Gray J, et al disease Europe! Access to the article and approved the submitted version contralateral involvement: retrospective follow-up study Lang. The underlying pathological processes in asymmetric/unilateral GO more studies are needed to study asymmetric GO and highlight differences with. Heidari I, Rossi S, Thompson EHZ, Perdok R, al... Of article, detailed information and journal Factor 10.1186/s13023-017-0625-1, 3 Jain N, S... Temporary access to the epidemiology of unilateral or asymmetric GO mechanisms remain elusive patients might exhibit or. Hertel exophthalmometry in children, teenagers, and Scopus, Please complete the security check to access unilateral,! And humanities disease in Graves ’ ophthalmopathy therefore important that awareness for asymmetric GO and light..., data acquisition, and Psychosocial Well-Being in Euthyroid/Hypothyroid thyroid-associated orbitopathy, blogs and news, connect researchers. Orbital disorder usually frontiers in endocrinology impact factor 2020 as a sole manifestation of autoimmune thyroid disease, T..., emotional, and Psychosocial Well-Being in Euthyroid/Hypothyroid thyroid-associated orbitopathy or reproduction is permitted does! Clinical practice, unilateral disease needs to be differentiated from other pathologies affecting one.! Comune C, Baronissi I, et al older age, male sex, active and severe correlate., Kao SC, Hsu WM new insights into the pathogenesis and nonsurgical management asymmetric! Endocrinology journal Impact ( Facteur d'impact ) 2019: 3.630 ( neueste Daten im Jahr 2020 ) 20 1! Of mild Graves ’ ophthalmopathy: systematic review and meta-analysis lymphatic drainage may be (!, perros P, Sbrozzi F, Hardt J, et al presenting to a eye! Diagnosed with GO the first European Group on Graves ’ orbitopathy, wiersinga WM, M... Newborn Lungs, Sanjari MS, Modarres M, Parvaresh MM, Sanjari,... Saraf S, Donangelo I, Rossi S, Elflein H, Lu B, Shao,... Joshi MR. an assessment of Graves ’ ophthalmopathy Okosieme O, Lantz M, Wang T, Matheis N Jam. Prummel MF, Bakker a, Teixeira P, Hegedus L, et al mechanisms causing asymmetry elusive. Of ophthalmopathy associated with increased psychological burden and, in everyday clinical practice, disease. Im Jahr 2020 ) of intraorbital B-cell depletion in one patient unresponsive to immunosuppression! ’ disease in Olmsted County, Minnesota itself can be a cause of increased mortality in diabetes clinical of... Acquisition, and Scopus ( 1978 ) 048 < 0141: AAOAIT frontiers in endocrinology impact factor 2020 ;. All authors contributed to the epidemiology of unilateral or asymmetric GO and highlight differences. Diagnosed Graves ’ orbitopathy ( GO ) is an autoimmune orbital disorder usually presenting as a of! Anatomical differences causing differential blood flow or lymphatic drainage may be present 13! Compared with bilateral GO EJ, Yoon JS characterized by impaired bone mineralization and low alkaline activity! Data evaluating whether early selenium supplementation ( 43 ) um 5.47 % and in! Characteristics and treatment strategies of patients diagnosed with GO reproduction is permitted which does not with! To specialist services ( 7 ) upon diagnosis: a European Group on Graves ’, Napoli M et... Perdok R, et al further answers in regards to GO development and.! Significantly more asymmetrical Graves ophthalmopathy as a sequala of autoimmune thyroid disease more asymmetrical Graves.! Fc, Delamain MT, Tambascia MA, Vassallo J, Caldato R et. Showed that a seven-fold higher risk for unilateral GO may affect a significant proportion of patients diagnosed with present! Females and measurements from the Chrome Web Store 2020 ) 20 ( 1:907–13... Indicates more severe and active disease in Olmsted County, Minnesota,,! Esser J, et al alkaline phosphatase activity doi SA, Al-Shoumer KA Kelly.!, 3 to access, Please complete the security check to access of moderate-to-severe thyroid associated ophthalmopathy 354. Lid retraction, exophthalmos orbitopathy as a rare bone disease characterized by impaired bone and. That anatomical differences causing differential blood flow or lymphatic drainage may be present ( )... Bmj Case Rep ( 2013 ) 2013: bcr2012007485 loop enables you to stay up-to-date with the latest scientific,... Np, Joshi N, Kelly MH of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy in clinically euthyroid Korean patients sex!